Full Truckload (FTL) vs Less-Than-Truckload (LTL): What’s Best for Your Shipment?

What is Full Truckload (FTL) Shipping?

Full Truckload (FTL) shipping refers to the movement of freight that uses the entire capacity of a truck. Whether your shipment physically fills the truck or not, the full trailer is booked exclusively for your freight.

Characteristics of FTL:

• Dedicated truck for your shipment only

• Fast transit with no intermediate stops

• Ideal for 10,000–45,000 lbs of freight

• Minimal handling reduces damage

• Direct pickup and delivery

FTL is perfect for companies shipping in bulk, transporting fragile or high-value items, or looking for predictable delivery times.

What is Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) Shipping?

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipping is designed for smaller loads that do not require a full truck. Multiple shipments from different shippers are consolidated into one truck, with costs shared among them.

Characteristics of LTL:

• Cost-sharing between multiple shippers

• Freight passes through hubs and terminals

• Ideal for 150–10,000 lbs of freight

• More frequent handling

• More affordable for small shipments

LTL is commonly used by small and mid-sized businesses that ship smaller quantities more frequently.

FTL vs LTL: The Complete Comparison

Below is a detailed comparison to help you decide which method suits your shipping needs.

1. Shipment Volume and Type

FTL Works Best When:

• You have a large shipment (10+ pallets).

• Freight is oversized, heavy, or requires special care.

• Goods need to remain on one truck without transfers.

LTL Works Best When:

• You have a small load (1–6 pallets).

• You don’t want to pay for unused truck space.

• Freight can endure handling at terminals.

2. Cost Efficiency

FTL Pricing:

The cost is based on:

• Total mileage

• Lane availability

• Fuel costs

• Seasonal demand

Even though the rate is higher, FTL often becomes cost-effective for large shipments because you pay a single price instead of freight-class costs.

LTL Pricing:

LTL costs depend on:

• Freight class (density, stowability, liability)

• Weight, dimensions

• Number of pallets

• Accessorial services

• Terminal handling

LTL is usually cheaper for small shipments because you pay only for the space you use. It’s budget-friendly for businesses with lighter loads.

3. Transit Time

FTL Transit:

• Fastest option

• Direct, point-to-point service

• Fewer delays and predictable delivery

• No terminal transfers

LTL Transit:

• Slower transit

• Multiple hub stops for sorting and consolidation

• More variables that may cause delays

If delivery speed is your top priority, FTL is the clear winner.

4. Handling and Risk Factors

FTL Handling:

• Very minimal handling

• Freight stays on one truck

• Less risk of damage or misplacement

Perfect for:

• Electronics

• Glass items

• Industrial machinery

• Temperature-sensitive goods

LTL Handling:

• Freight is loaded and unloaded several times

• More risk of dents, scratches, or damage

• Requires proper packaging and labeling

LTL carriers follow strict safety protocols, but risk is naturally higher due to consolidation.

5. Freight Tracking

FTL Tracking:

• Easier, straightforward tracking

• Only one driver and one trailer

• Real-time GPS updates

LTL Tracking:

• Multiple checkpoints

• More scans and hub updates

• Slightly more complex to track

Both offer modern tracking tools, but FTL provides cleaner visibility.

6. Delivery Flexibility

When FTL Offers Better Flexibility:

• You can choose pickup and delivery times

• Direct delivery without route limitations

• Better suited for just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems

When LTL Offers Better Flexibility:

• Ship smaller quantities more frequently

• No need to wait until you have a full load

• Lower shipping cost for recurring small shipments

Advantages and Disadvantages Summary

FTL Advantages:

• Fast transit

• High security and minimal handling

• Ideal for big or sensitive shipments

• Predictable delivery schedule

• More efficient for large freight volume

FTL Disadvantages:

• Higher cost for small shipments

• Requires more loading space and dock planning

LTL Advantages:

• Cost-effective for small loads

• Flexible shipping frequency

• Environmentally friendly (shared truck space)

• No need to wait for large volumes

LTL Disadvantages:

• Slower delivery

• Higher risk due to handling

• Complex pricing structure

• Potential accessorial charges

Which One Should You Choose?

Choosing between FTL and LTL depends on three major factors: shipment size, budget, and urgency.

❗ Choose FTL If:

• Your freight is large, heavy, or fragile

• You need fast delivery

• You want minimal risk

• You require a dedicated truck

• You ship high-value items

❗ Choose LTL If:

• Your shipment is small

• You want to reduce costs

• Delivery time is flexible

• You ship frequently in smaller batches

Real-World Example

Scenario 1:
A furniture manufacturer needs to ship 20 pallets of heavy wooden furniture from Texas to California.
➡ Best choice: FTL because of the volume, weight, and fragility.

Scenario 2:
A small e-commerce seller ships 3 pallets of mixed household goods monthly.
➡ Best choice: LTL due to small quantity and cost savings.

Final Thoughts

Both FTL and LTL play vital roles in modern freight transportation. The best option depends on your freight characteristics and business priorities. FTL ensures speed, safety, and reliability, while LTL provides affordability and flexibility.

Choosing the right method can significantly improve your shipping efficiency, reduce logistics costs, and optimize your supply chain performance.